_ enables the processor to keep its execution engines as busy as possible by executing instructions that are likely to be needed.
#Computer organization and architecture 10th pdf code
With _ the processor looks ahead in the instruction code fetched from memory and predicts which branches, or groups of instructions, are likely to be processed next. _ is the ability to issue more than one instruction in every processor clock cycle. _ enables a processor to work simultaneously on multiple instructions by performing a different phase for each of the multiple instructions at the same time.Ģ. The best known of the SPEC benchmark suites is _. A measurement of how many tasks a computer can accomplish in a certain amount of time is called a(n) _. The _ measures the ability of a computer to complete a single task. With respect to changes in values, the _ Mean gives equal weight to all of the values in the data set. The use of multiple processors on the same chip is referred to as _ and provides the potential to increase performance without increasing the clock rate. One increment, or pulse, of a clock is referred to as a _. _ law deals with the potential speedup of a program using multiple processors compared to a single processor. A(n) _ Mean is a good candidate for comparing the execution time performance of several systems. A _ is a core designed to perform parallel operations on graphics data. An increase in clock rate means that individual operations are executed _. The _ is a relatively small fast memory interposed between a larger, slower memory and the logic that accesses the larger memory. The interface between processor and _ is the most crucial pathway in the entire computer because it is responsible for carrying a constant flow of program instructions and data between memory chips and the processor.
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_ potentially increases the amount of work available for the processor to execute. The desktop application(s) that require the great power of today’s microprocessor-based systems include_. Multiple parallel pipelines are used in _. Measures such as MIPS and MFLOPS have proven adequate to evaluating the performance of processors. A straight comparison of clock speeds on different processors tells the whole story about performance.ġ5. Designers wrestle with the challenge of balancing processor performance with that of main memory and other computer components.ġ4. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. A common measure of performance for a processor is the rate at which instructions are executed, expressed as millions of instructions per second (MIPS). Operations performed by a processor, such as fetching an instruction, decoding the instruction, performing an arithmetic operation, and so on, are governed by a system clock.ġ2. The cache holds recently accessed data.ġ1. Raw speed is far more important than how a processor performs when executing a given application.ġ0. Branch prediction potentially increases the amount of work available for the processor to execute.ĩ. Superscalar execution is the same principle as seen in an assembly line.Ĩ. The raw speed of the microprocessor will not achieve its potential unless it is fed a constant stream of work to do in the form of computer instructions.ħ. Cloud service providers use massive high-performance banks of servers to satisfy high-volume, high-transaction-rate applications for a broad spectrum of clients.Ħ. The IAS is the prototype of all subsequent general-purpose computers.ĥ.
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Workstation systems cannot support highly sophisticated engineering and scientific applications.Ĥ. Processors are so inexpensive that we now have microprocessors we throw away.ģ.
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Year by year the cost of computer systems continues to rise.Ģ. Computer Organization and Architecture, 10th Edition, by William Stallingsġ.